자료형에 대해서 어느정도 숙지가 된 다음 활용하는 방법으로는 데이터 분석, 알고리즘, 그래픽 등이 좋아 보입니다.
그중에 그래픽과 이벤트 등 흐름을 따라가면서 데이터를 구조화 하여 처리하는 것을 해보면 좋을 것 같아서 어떤 라이브러리가 좋을지 검토 중에 있습니다.
도형을 그리는 라이브러리를 알아보다가 그중에 pygame이 보여서 정리를 해보았습니다.
pygame news
Over the next weeks we have plenty of game jams that people from the pygame communities take part in. The pygames hackathon runs from March 20th, 2023 to April 17th 2023, and is open to people in USA and Canada. For this one there's $12,700 in prizes. "If
www.pygame.org
1.기본 사용 방법
https://www.pygame.org/wiki/GettingStarted
GettingStarted - pygame wiki
Pygame Installation Pygame requires Python; if you don't already have it, you can download it from python.org. It's recommended to run the latest python version, because it's usually faster and has better features than the older ones. Bear in mind that pyg
www.pygame.org
1.1. os 별 설치 방법 가이드 확인
pip install pygame
Pygame Front Page — pygame v2.6.0 documentation
Pygame Front Page Quick start Welcome to pygame! Once you've got pygame installed (pip install pygame or pip3 install pygame for most people), the next question is how to get a game loop running. Pygame, unlike some other libraries, gives you full control
www.pygame.org
1.2. 기본 사용 예제
# Example file showing a basic pygame "game loop"
import pygame
# pygame setup
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1280, 720))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
running = True
while running:
# poll for events
# pygame.QUIT event means the user clicked X to close your window
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# fill the screen with a color to wipe away anything from last frame
screen.fill("purple")
# RENDER YOUR GAME HERE
# flip() the display to put your work on screen
pygame.display.flip()
clock.tick(60) # limits FPS to 60
pygame.quit()2. 이벤트와 키
2.1. 사용 예제
pygame.KEYDOWN 및 pygame.KEYUP 이벤트의 속성 mod 에 수정된 정보가 포함되어 있습니다.
mod 속성은 이벤트가 발생했을 때 눌려 있던 모든 수정자 키들의 비트 마스크입니다.
수정자 정보는 비트 연산자 AND를 사용하여 해독할 수 있습니다 (KMOD_NONE은 예외로, == 연산자를 사용하여 비교해야 합니다).
The modifier information is contained in the mod attribute of the pygame.KEYDOWN and pygame.KEYUP events. The mod attribute is a bitmask of all the modifier keys that were in a pressed state when the event occurred. The modifier information can be decoded using a bitwise AND (except for KMOD_NONE, which should be compared using equals ==).
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN or event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.mod == pygame.KMOD_NONE:
print('No modifier keys were in a pressed state when this '
'event occurred.')
else:
if event.mod & pygame.KMOD_LSHIFT:
print('Left shift was in a pressed state when this event '
'occurred.')
if event.mod & pygame.KMOD_RSHIFT:
print('Right shift was in a pressed state when this event '
'occurred.')
if event.mod & pygame.KMOD_SHIFT:
print('Left shift or right shift or both were in a '
'pressed state when this event occurred.')2.2. pygame의 이벤트
https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/event.html#module-pygame.event
pygame.event — pygame v2.6.0 documentation
A pygame object used for representing an event. Event instances support attribute assignment and deletion. When creating the object, the attributes may come from a dictionary argument with string keys or from keyword arguments. Note From version 2.1.3 Even
www.pygame.org
타입 리턴
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
QUIT none
ACTIVEEVENT gain, state
KEYDOWN key, mod, unicode, scancode
KEYUP key, mod, unicode, scancode
MOUSEMOTION pos, rel, buttons, touch
MOUSEBUTTONUP pos, button, touch
MOUSEBUTTONDOWN pos, button, touch
JOYAXISMOTION joy (deprecated), instance_id, axis, value
JOYBALLMOTION joy (deprecated), instance_id, ball, rel
JOYHATMOTION joy (deprecated), instance_id, hat, value
JOYBUTTONUP joy (deprecated), instance_id, button
JOYBUTTONDOWN joy (deprecated), instance_id, button
VIDEORESIZE size, w, h
VIDEOEXPOSE none
USEREVENT code
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
AUDIODEVICEADDED which, iscapture (SDL backend >= 2.0.4)
AUDIODEVICEREMOVED which, iscapture (SDL backend >= 2.0.4)
FINGERMOTION touch_id, finger_id, x, y, dx, dy
FINGERDOWN touch_id, finger_id, x, y, dx, dy
FINGERUP touch_id, finger_id, x, y, dx, dy
MOUSEWHEEL which, flipped, x, y, touch, precise_x, precise_y
MULTIGESTURE touch_id, x, y, pinched, rotated, num_fingers
TEXTEDITING text, start, length
TEXTINPUT text
|----------------|-----------------------------------------------------|
Event name Attributes and notes
|----------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
DROPFILE file
DROPBEGIN (SDL backend >= 2.0.5)
DROPCOMPLETE (SDL backend >= 2.0.5)
DROPTEXT text (SDL backend >= 2.0.5)
MIDIIN
MIDIOUT
CONTROLLERDEVICEADDED device_index
JOYDEVICEADDED device_index
CONTROLLERDEVICEREMOVED instance_id
JOYDEVICEREMOVED instance_id
CONTROLLERDEVICEREMAPPED instance_id
KEYMAPCHANGED (SDL backend >= 2.0.4)
CLIPBOARDUPDATE
RENDER_TARGETS_RESET (SDL backend >= 2.0.2)
RENDER_DEVICE_RESET (SDL backend >= 2.0.4)
LOCALECHANGED (SDL backend >= 2.0.14)
|----------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
WINDOWSHOWN Window became shown
WINDOWHIDDEN Window became hidden
WINDOWEXPOSED Window got updated by some external event
WINDOWMOVED Window got moved
WINDOWRESIZED Window got resized
WINDOWSIZECHANGED Window changed its size
WINDOWMINIMIZED Window was minimized
WINDOWMAXIMIZED Window was maximized
WINDOWRESTORED Window was restored
WINDOWENTER Mouse entered the window
WINDOWLEAVE Mouse left the window
WINDOWFOCUSGAINED Window gained focus
WINDOWFOCUSLOST Window lost focus
WINDOWCLOSE Window was closed
WINDOWTAKEFOCUS Window was offered focus (SDL backend >= 2.0.5)
WINDOWHITTEST Window has a special hit test (SDL backend >= 2.0.5)
WINDOWICCPROFCHANGED Window ICC profile changed (SDL backend >= 2.0.18)
WINDOWDISPLAYCHANGED Window moved on a new display (SDL backend >= 2.0.18)2.3. key 와 ascii, 설명
Constant ASCII Description
---------------------------------
K_BACKSPACE \b backspace
K_TAB \t tab
K_CLEAR clear
K_RETURN \r return
K_PAUSE pause
K_ESCAPE ^[ escape
K_SPACE space
K_EXCLAIM ! exclaim
K_QUOTEDBL " quotedbl
K_HASH # hash
K_DOLLAR $ dollar
K_AMPERSAND & ampersand
K_QUOTE quote
K_LEFTPAREN ( left parenthesis
K_RIGHTPAREN ) right parenthesis
K_ASTERISK * asterisk
K_PLUS + plus sign
K_COMMA , comma
K_MINUS - minus sign
K_PERIOD . period
K_SLASH / forward slash
K_0 0 0
K_1 1 1
K_2 2 2
K_3 3 3
K_4 4 4
K_5 5 5
K_6 6 6
K_7 7 7
K_8 8 8
K_9 9 9
K_COLON : colon
K_SEMICOLON ; semicolon
K_LESS < less-than sign
K_EQUALS = equals sign
K_GREATER > greater-than sign
K_QUESTION ? question mark
K_AT @ at
K_LEFTBRACKET [ left bracket
K_BACKSLASH \ backslash
K_RIGHTBRACKET ] right bracket
K_CARET ^ caret
K_UNDERSCORE _ underscore
K_BACKQUOTE ` grave
K_a a a
K_b b b
K_c c c
K_d d d
K_e e e
K_f f f
K_g g g
K_h h h
K_i i i
K_j j j
K_k k k
K_l l l
K_m m m
K_n n n
K_o o o
K_p p p
K_q q q
K_r r r
K_s s s
K_t t t
K_u u u
K_v v v
K_w w w
K_x x x
K_y y y
K_z z z
K_DELETE delete
K_KP0 keypad 0
K_KP1 keypad 1
K_KP2 keypad 2
K_KP3 keypad 3
K_KP4 keypad 4
K_KP5 keypad 5
K_KP6 keypad 6
K_KP7 keypad 7
K_KP8 keypad 8
K_KP9 keypad 9
K_KP_PERIOD . keypad period
K_KP_DIVIDE / keypad divide
K_KP_MULTIPLY * keypad multiply
K_KP_MINUS - keypad minus
K_KP_PLUS + keypad plus
K_KP_ENTER \r keypad enter
K_KP_EQUALS = keypad equals
K_UP up arrow
K_DOWN down arrow
K_RIGHT right arrow
K_LEFT left arrow
K_INSERT insert
K_HOME home
K_END end
K_PAGEUP page up
K_PAGEDOWN page down
K_F1 F1
K_F2 F2
K_F3 F3
K_F4 F4
K_F5 F5
K_F6 F6
K_F7 F7
K_F8 F8
K_F9 F9
K_F10 F10
K_F11 F11
K_F12 F12
K_F13 F13
K_F14 F14
K_F15 F15
K_NUMLOCK numlock
K_CAPSLOCK capslock
K_SCROLLOCK scrollock
K_RSHIFT right shift
K_LSHIFT left shift
K_RCTRL right control
K_LCTRL left control
K_RALT right alt
K_LALT left alt
K_RMETA right meta
K_LMETA left meta
K_LSUPER left Windows key
K_RSUPER right Windows key
K_MODE mode shift
K_HELP help
K_PRINT print screen
K_SYSREQ sysrq
K_BREAK break
K_MENU menu
K_POWER power
K_EURO Euro
K_AC_BACK Android back button2.4. 키보드 입력 기계어 인식 정보
Constant Description
-------------------------
KMOD_NONE no modifier keys pressed
KMOD_LSHIFT left shift
KMOD_RSHIFT right shift
KMOD_SHIFT left shift or right shift or both
KMOD_LCTRL left control
KMOD_RCTRL right control
KMOD_CTRL left control or right control or both
KMOD_LALT left alt
KMOD_RALT right alt
KMOD_ALT left alt or right alt or both
KMOD_LMETA left meta
KMOD_RMETA right meta
KMOD_META left meta or right meta or both
KMOD_CAPS caps lock
KMOD_NUM num lock
KMOD_MODE AltGr
3. 라이브러리 검토 후기
기본 라이브러리 접근 방법과 이미지처리등은 직관적으로 알려주기 편하지만 이벤트와 키바인딩 정보 처리는 예제를 통해 알려주는 것이 필요해 보입니다.
프레임 처리와 화면의 최대값과 움직이는 사물의 충돌 이벤트 정도를 알려주고 키보드 이벤트를 이용한 이동 이벤트 구현예제 정도가 제일 적정해 보이네요.
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